N3Chapter 49Unit 3 · Purpose, Cause, and Evidence

Goals, Purposes, and Requirements

Learning objectives

  • Choose ために for a controlled purpose and ように for a desired outcome.
  • Use には to introduce a requirement for reaching a goal.
  • Express sustained long-term aims with 目指す.
N3 context
Purpose expressions reveal the relationship between an action and its goal. The decisive question is not whether English says “in order to,” but whether the subject can directly control the desired action or result.
Vocabulary語彙
6 terms

  • 達成する

    verb

    たっせいする

    to achieve

  • 目指す

    verb

    めざす

    to aim for

  • 資格

    noun

    しかく

    qualification

  • 身につける

    verb

    みにつける

    to acquire a skill

  • 改善する

    verb

    かいぜんする

    to improve

  • 必要

    adj

    ひつよう

    necessary

Pattern contrast使い分け

Controlled action or desired result?

V-る／Nのために

controlled goal

in order to; for the purpose of

The goal is normally a deliberate action controlled by the same subject. It also follows a noun.

通訳になるために、大学で日本語を学んでいる。

I am studying Japanese at university in order to become an interpreter.

V-る／V-ないように

desired result

so that; in order that

The goal is an ability, state, prevention, or other result not directly commanded into existence.

忘れないように、予定をカレンダーに入れた。

I put the appointment in my calendar so that I would not forget.

V-るには

requirement

to achieve V; if one is to V

Introduces the condition, method, or requirement needed to reach a goal.

この資格を取るには、二年の経験が必要だ。

To obtain this qualification, two years of experience is required.

Nを目指す／Vことを目指す

long-term

aim toward a sustained goal

Used for a long-term destination, standard, profession, or institutional objective.

誰でも利用しやすいサービスを目指しています。

We aim to provide a service that is easy for everyone to use.

Potential verbs normally point to ように

Say 日本語が話せるように練習する, not 話せるために, when the goal is gaining an ability. Use 日本で働くために日本語を勉強する when the goal is a deliberate future action.

Preparing for a career change会話
Emi

将来、どんな仕事をしたいんですか。

What kind of work would you like to do in the future?

Noah

海外の客と働けるように、会話力を伸ばしたいです。

I want to improve my speaking ability so that I can work with customers overseas.

Emi

その仕事に就くには、資格が必要ですか。

Do you need a qualification to enter that profession?

Noah

必須ではありませんが、専門的な翻訳ができるようになるために、講座を受けるつもりです。

It is not mandatory, but I intend to take a course so that I can eventually do specialist translation.
Guided practice練習

Choose a purpose form based on control, result, or requirement.

  1. 1.I left home early in order to catch the first train.

  2. 2.I spoke slowly so that everyone could understand.

  3. 3.To work in this field, practical experience is necessary.
Reading practice読解

A community project

project description

Target: 2 minutes
私たちの団体は、外国から来た人も安心して暮らせる町を目指しています。必要な情報が簡単に見つかるように、市の案内を四つの言語に翻訳しています。また、地域の人と交流する機会を増やすために、毎月イベントを開いています。活動を続けるには、翻訳や会場の準備を手伝ってくれる人が必要です。
団体（だんたい）
organisation; group
会場（かいじょう）
venue
  1. What long-term goal does the organisation have?
  2. Why are the guides translated?
  3. What is required to continue the activity?
Listening rehearsal聴解

Preparing a presentation

Listen for two different purposes.

Listen before opening the transcript.
  1. Why does the speaker practise aloud?
  2. Why did the speaker ask the teacher to check the content?
Key takeawaysまとめ
  • 1ために normally links a controlled action to its purpose.
  • 2ように presents a desired ability, state, prevention, or result.
  • 3には introduces what is required; 目指す presents a sustained destination or standard.

Knowledge Check

Practice quiz
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子どもにも読める＿＿、簡単な言葉で書きました。